Archaeobotanical data reflect variations and continuities in the diversity of species used through time and space. We also analyzed diversity, quantity of fruits compared to the total of economic plants and spatio-temporal variations in the composition of fruit assemblages using correspondence factor analyses. The 47 fruit taxa identified were organized in broad categories according to their status and origin: exotic, allochtonous cultivated, indigenous cultivated, wild native. uncharred), as this impacts on the quantity and diversity of taxa. Archaeobotanical data from 577 assemblages were systematically analyzed distinguishing two datasets according to preservation of plant remains (charred vs. We explore changes in native traditions faced with innovations brought by Mediterranean colonization and how domesticated fruit cultivation spread from the Mediterranean to more temperate areas. 5,800 BCE – 500 CE) to assess changes in fruit use as well as the emergence, spread and evolution of fruit cultivation. In this study we investigate archaeobotanical records in Southern France from the Neolithic to the end of the Roman empire (ca. However, the pace and chronology of this diffusion as well as the recompositions in diversity, to adapt to new socio-environmental conditions, remain poorly known. Domesticated fruits together with cultivation techniques apparently reached the western Mediterranean via colonial activities during the 1st millennium BCE – early 1st millennium CE. The use and socio-environmental importance of fruits dramatically changed after the emergence of arboriculture and fruit domestication in the eastern Mediterranean, between the 5th and the 3rd millennia BCE. 6Laboratoire d’archéologie préhistorique et anthropologie, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.5ASM, Université Paul Valery-Montpellier 3, CNRS, MCC, INRAP, Montpellier, France.3TRACES, Université Jean Jaurès, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Toulouse, France.2Institut national de recherches en archéologie préventive (INRAP), Paris, France.1ISEM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France. Laurent Bouby 1*, Vincent Bonhomme 1, Manon Cabanis 2, Frédérique Durand 2,3, Isabel Figueiral 1,2, Laurie Flottes 4, Philippe Marinval 5, Lucie Martin 6,7, Laure Paradis 1, Rachël Pinaud 5, Jérôme Ros 1, Núria Rovira 5 and Margaux Tillier 1,5,8
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